What is tuberculous cystitis
Tuberculous cystitis is an inflammation of the bladder caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and is a type of urinary system tuberculosis. In recent years, as the incidence of tuberculosis has increased, tuberculous cystitis has gradually become a health topic of public concern. This article will introduce in detail the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and preventive measures of tuberculous cystitis, and attach relevant data for reference.
1. Causes of tuberculous cystitis
Tuberculous cystitis is usually caused by the spread of tuberculosis from the lungs or elsewhere to the urinary system through the blood or lymphatic system. After Mycobacterium tuberculosis infects the bladder mucosa, it will cause a chronic inflammatory reaction, leading to bladder wall thickening, fibrosis, and even ulcer formation.
| Transmission route | common sources |
|---|---|
| Hematogenous spread | tuberculosis lesions |
| lymphatic dissemination | lymph node tuberculosis |
| spread directly | Adjacent organ tuberculosis |
2. Symptoms of tuberculous cystitis
The clinical manifestations of tuberculous cystitis are diverse. Early symptoms may not be obvious, but as the disease progresses, patients may develop the following symptoms:
| Symptoms | Description |
|---|---|
| Frequent urination | Significantly increased frequency of urination, especially at night |
| Urgency to urinate | Sudden strong desire to urinate |
| Dysuria | Pain in the urethra or bladder area when urinating |
| Hematuria | Urine is red or watery |
| lower abdominal pain | Dull pain or discomfort in the bladder area |
3. Diagnosis of tuberculous cystitis
The diagnosis of tuberculous cystitis requires a combination of clinical symptoms, laboratory tests, and imaging studies. The following are commonly used diagnostic methods:
| Check items | meaning |
|---|---|
| Urinary tuberculosis culture | The gold standard for diagnosing tuberculosis infection |
| PPD test | Auxiliary diagnosis of tuberculosis infection |
| Cystoscopy | Direct observation of bladder mucosal lesions |
| Imaging examination | Understand the extent and extent of the disease |
4. Treatment of tuberculous cystitis
The treatment of tuberculous cystitis is mainly anti-tuberculosis drug therapy, combined with surgical treatment when necessary. The following are common treatment options:
| Treatment | Specific content |
|---|---|
| drug treatment | Combined use of isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and other drugs |
| surgical treatment | Suitable for complications such as bladder contracture and severe obstruction |
| supportive care | Strengthen nutrition and improve immunity |
5. Prevention of tuberculous cystitis
The key to preventing tuberculous cystitis is to control the spread of tuberculosis and treat the primary lesions early. Here are some precautions:
| Precautions | Specific methods |
|---|---|
| Vaccination with BCG vaccine | Effective means to prevent tuberculosis |
| Early detection and treatment | Prompt treatment of primary diseases such as tuberculosis |
| personal protection | Avoid close contact with people with TB |
6. Summary
Tuberculous cystitis is a chronic bladder inflammation caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Early diagnosis and standardized treatment are crucial to the prognosis. If you have symptoms such as frequent urination, urgency, or painful urination, especially if you have a history of tuberculosis, you should seek medical examination in time. With reasonable treatment and preventive measures, most patients can achieve good results.
It should be noted that the treatment cycle for tuberculous cystitis is long, and patients must strictly follow the doctor's instructions to complete the entire treatment to avoid the development of drug resistance. At the same time, maintaining good living habits and immunity can also help with recovery from the disease.
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